Practical guides on SEO, web performance, and software development for SMEs and professionals in the Marche region.https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en-UShttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/edge-computing-cdn-astro-ttfb-performance/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/edge-computing-cdn-astro-ttfb-performance/Edge Computing and CDNs with Astro: how Cloudflare, Vercel, and Netlify cut TTFB below 50ms. A practical guide to SSR adapters, middleware, and real use cases.Mon, 10 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/advanced-lazy-loading-astro-core-web-vitals-italy/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/advanced-lazy-loading-astro-core-web-vitals-italy/Beyond the loading='lazy' attribute: discover how to use Intersection Observer, Astro client directives, and dynamic imports to load only what you need.Mon, 27 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/website-security-csp-astro-guide-italy/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/website-security-csp-astro-guide-italy/Configuring a robust CSP in Astro: a guide to HTTP headers, essential directives, and how to test security without breaking production.Mon, 20 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/schema-markup-json-ld-astro-seo-italy/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/schema-markup-json-ld-astro-seo-italy/How to implement JSON-LD in Astro for Article, BreadcrumbList, Person, and LocalBusiness. Ready-to-use snippets and Rich Results Test validation.Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/google-search-console-seo-guide-websites-italy/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/google-search-console-seo-guide-websites-italy/Google Search Console guide for businesses: how to read impressions, clicks, and queries, and turn it into a weekly tool for attracting customers.Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/gdpr-2026-website-compliance-guide-italy/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/gdpr-2026-website-compliance-guide-italy/GDPR 2026 in Italy: regulatory updates, new penalties, and common grey areas. The essential compliance checklist for your business and website.Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/gdpr-cookie-banner-compliance-guide/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/gdpr-cookie-banner-compliance-guide/Cookie banners and GDPR compliance: what privacy law says about cookies, how to avoid dark patterns, and how to respect both privacy and UX.Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/technical-seo-core-web-vitals-optimization-2026/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/technical-seo-core-web-vitals-optimization-2026/Core Web Vitals 2026: Google's updated metrics explained in detail, with practical techniques to measure and improve LCP, INP, and CLS using Astro.Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/local-seo-strategies-google-business-profile-2026/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/local-seo-strategies-google-business-profile-2026/Local SEO 2026 in Civitanova Marche and across Italy: from Google Business Profile to geographic markup, the checklist to dominate local search.Mon, 08 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/italian-digital-innovation-tech-industry/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/italian-digital-innovation-tech-industry/80 years of the Italian Republic: a moment of reflection on progress, work, and the digital future of Made in Italy.Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/ux-writing-microcopy-conversion-rate-optimization/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/ux-writing-microcopy-conversion-rate-optimization/UX writing and CRO: a beautiful design isn't enough. How microcopy, Call to Actions, and tone of voice turn website visitors into customers.Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/high-converting-website-design-cro/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/high-converting-website-design-cro/High-converting website design (CRO): stop treating your site like a digital business card. Learn how to turn it into a tireless salesperson.Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/typescript-scalable-software-development-2026/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/typescript-scalable-software-development-2026/TypeScript in 2026: beyond simple typing, how it reduces production bugs, facilitates refactoring, and makes your codebase more scalable.Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/ai-generative-ui-future-web-design/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/ai-generative-ui-future-web-design/Generative UI: dynamically generated AI web interfaces are already here. Here's what's changing for developers and businesses.Mon, 04 May 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/custom-business-process-automation-software/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/custom-business-process-automation-software/Business process automation for SMEs: from quotes to invoices and client reminders, how automations free up dozens of hours a month.Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/migrating-react-spa-to-astro-performance/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/migrating-react-spa-to-astro-performance/React vs Astro: a technical comparison between Single Page Applications and Islands Architecture. When it makes sense to migrate, and what you gain.Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/software-testing-debugging-business-stability/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/software-testing-debugging-business-stability/Software testing and debugging: writing code is only half the job. Why a solid testing strategy is a key investment for business stability.Mon, 13 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/custom-software-development-lifecycle/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/custom-software-development-lifecycle/The software development lifecycle, step by step: from requirements analysis to deployment, how I turn an idea into software or a web platform.Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/accessible-web-development-a11y-standards/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/accessible-web-development-a11y-standards/Accessible web development (A11y): why it's not just an ethical or legal obligation, but a real lever for SEO, user experience, and conversions.Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/clean-code-benefits-enterprise-software-open-source/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/clean-code-benefits-enterprise-software-open-source/Clean Code and Open Source: why contributing isn't just altruism, but a concrete way to improve the quality and security of your codebase.Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/enterprise-website-security-maintenance/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/enterprise-website-security-maintenance/Website maintenance for businesses: why continuous security, updates, and monitoring after "go live" are essential investments, not optional extras.Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/multilingual-website-development-i18n-astro-js/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/multilingual-website-development-i18n-astro-js/i18n case study: how I built a multilingual (IT/EN) website in Astro using native routing and custom dictionaries, without external libraries.Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/technical-seo-json-ld-structured-data-case-study/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/technical-seo-json-ld-structured-data-case-study/A technical SEO case study: how I optimized automatic Sitemap generation, JSON-LD structured data, and Meta Tags on leonardocastignani.it itself.Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/astro-js-islands-architecture-performance/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/astro-js-islands-architecture-performance/Astro and Islands Architecture: why shipping zero JavaScript to the browser radically changes real-world performance and TTI.Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/digital-transformation-italian-smes-marche/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/digital-transformation-italian-smes-marche/Digital transformation for Marche-based SMEs: the region is full of excellence but often lacks online visibility. Here's how a modern website helps.Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/website-loading-speed-impact-ecommerce-sales/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/website-loading-speed-impact-ecommerce-sales/Website speed and sales: data shows that if your site takes more than 3 seconds to load, you're gifting customers to the competition.Mon, 02 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/professional-custom-website-development-costs/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/professional-custom-website-development-costs/How much does a professional website really cost? Comparing a €300 site to a custom project: strategy, hidden costs, and real ROI.Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/google-tag-manager-integration-update-v1-2-0/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/google-tag-manager-integration-update-v1-2-0/Changelog v1.2.0: favicon restyling, Google Tag Manager integration, and graphic fixes on leonardocastignani.it.Fri, 23 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/custom-coded-website-vs-wordpress-cms/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/custom-coded-website-vs-wordpress-cms/Custom code vs WordPress in 2026: a technical comparison between hand-built sites and a classic CMS, and why WordPress flexibility can backfire.Mon, 19 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/freelance-web-developer-italy-holidays-2026-goals/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/freelance-web-developer-italy-holidays-2026-goals/Happy holidays from Leonardo Castignani, freelance web developer based in Civitanova Marche, Italy: thank you for a great year together.Tue, 23 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/website-technical-seo-update-changelog-v1-1-2/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/website-technical-seo-update-changelog-v1-1-2/Changelog v1.1.2: email infrastructure update, technical SEO optimization, and graphic fixes on leonardocastignani.it.Sun, 21 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/leonardo-castignani-freelance-high-performance-portfolio-astro-js/https://www.leonardocastignani.it/en/blog/leonardo-castignani-freelance-high-performance-portfolio-astro-js/How I designed my portfolio as a freelance web developer based in Civitanova Marche, Italy: performance, islands architecture, and multilingual setup.Fri, 19 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMT